Myanmar’s Big Dam Plan: Why China Still Wants It After Years of Protests

A Controversial Past Resurfaces

For over a decade, Myanmar shelved one of Southeast Asia’s most contentious infrastructure projects—the Myitsone Dam. Now, the military-led government is pushing to revive it, despite escalating costs, environmental risks, and fierce local opposition.

Originally priced at $3.6 billion in 2009, the project now carries a staggering $11 billion+ price tag. If completed, it would become Myanmar’s largest hydropower plant, with most of its electricity earmarked for China. But the human and ecological costs are steep.

Why the Dam Was Halted—and Why It’s Back

The Original Backlash

When first proposed, the dam faced massive public outcry. Critics argued that flooding an area the size of Singapore would displace thousands, destroy ecosystems, and upend the lives of Kachin communities who rely on the land. The project was shelved in 2011, a rare victory for Myanmar’s activists.

A Shifting Political Landscape

Now, Myanmar’s military junta—under Min Aung Hlaing—is reviving the plan. Recent high-level talks with Chinese officials suggest Beijing remains eager to see it through. The government frames it as a solution to Myanmar’s chronic power shortages, but skeptics question whether the benefits outweigh the risks.

The High Stakes of Revival

Economic Concerns: Who Really Benefits?

The dam’s $11 billion+ cost far exceeds early estimates, raising doubts about financial feasibility.
China’s influence looms large—most of the electricity would still go to its grid, leaving Myanmar with minimal long-term gains.
Critics argue that new debt risks could further destabilize Myanmar’s struggling economy.

Environmental and Geological Warnings

The dam’s 152-meter height would submerge vast areas, disrupting biodiversity hotspots and risking earthquake-induced failures in a seismically active region.
Activists warn that modern technology can’t fully mitigate the ecological damage.

Human Cost: The Kachin People’s Fight

Local communities, particularly the Kachin, face land seizures and forced displacement.
Many fear loss of livelihoods, as the dam would alter river flows crucial for fishing and agriculture.
Despite government assurances, protests continue, with activists labeling the project a betrayal of public trust.

The Future: Development or Disaster?

Supporters argue that updated engineering could reduce risks, but opponents remain unconvinced. With China’s backing and a military government in power, the Myitsone Dam’s revival seems increasingly likely—but at what cost?

As Myanmar weighs progress against preservation, one thing is clear: this battle is far from over.